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David Chipperfield's Fayland House conceived as a "large earthwork" in the English countryside 大卫·奇普菲尔德的费兰德住宅被认为是英国乡村的一个“大土方工程” 8 July 2015（2015年7月8日） 翻译 @白木碉
Pale white brickwork, broad columns and a courtyard planted with trees are all features of this country house in the Chiltern Hills by architect David Chipperfield, which was recently named the world's best new house . 浅白色砖墙、大柱子和种着树木的庭院是这座由建筑师大卫·奇普菲尔德设计的乡村别墅的全部特征，建筑位于英国奇尔特恩丘陵，最近刚刚被提名为世界上最棒的新房子。
Designed by the British architect for a property developer and his wife in Buckinghamshire, Fayland House is a single-storey residence that stretches across a dip in the landscape. 由一个房地产开发商的英国建筑师和他来自白金汉郡的妻子设计，费兰德住宅是一个在斜坡上延伸的单层住宅。
It won first prize in this year's AR House Awards, organised by the UK's Architectural Review magazine. The annual accolade is given to the one-off house judged best in the world by the magazine's panel – previous recipients include a Vietnam residence with trees on the roof and a self-sufficient courtyard house in China. 它赢得了今年由英国《建筑评论》杂志举办的“AR住宅奖”第一名。这个年度嘉奖是颁给那些由评委会判定为世界上最好的住宅的——之前的获奖者有越南屋顶植树的住宅和中国自给自足的四合院。
The house is located in the Chiltern Hills, a densely wooded chalk escarpment of over 300 square miles. Responding to this, the building was conceived as a "large earthwork" dug into the sloping ground. 房子位于奇尔特恩丘陵，树林茂密的白垩峭壁绵延至300平方英里。相应的，这座建筑被认为是一个插入倾斜土地的“大土方”。
Its roof is set down well below the level of the tree canopy, while four sunken courtyards are concealed behind the walls. 它的屋顶适宜地低于树冠，而四个下沉式庭院隐藏于高墙之后。
The site had previously been occupied by an early 20th-century house made up of a series of eight buildings, including stables, a gym, a greenhouse and an outdoor swimming pool. 这片场地之前曾经被一组20世纪早期的建筑占据，由一系列的八座房子组成，包括马厩、一个健身房、一个温室和一个户外游泳池。
As with many of his projects – from the Saint Louis gallery in Missouri to his own office in Berlin – Chipperfield chose to simplify, creating a single 888-square-metre building all on one level. 正如他的许多项目一样——从密苏里的圣·路易斯画廊到他柏林的工作室——奇普菲尔德选择简约，创造一个888平方米的单层建筑。
"This array of structures, together with hard landscaping, had accumulated in an ad-hoc manner with little relationship to each other or to their environment," said the design team. "The development presented an opportunity to restore a typical landscape by removing all conflicting features that had been superimposed onto it." “经过用心的美化，这一系列的结构已经累积出一种特定方式，与相互之间以及环境之间影响不大，”设计团队说道。“项目提供了一个机会，移除那些附加在建筑身上的所有冲突元素，来恢复典型的景观。”
To negotiate the changing levels of the ground, the house is built on a 60-metre-wide plinth. The studio describes its as being "like a dam sitting on the cusp of the slope". 为了克服起伏的地表，建筑建在60米宽的基座之上。工作室将它描述为“像是一座落在坡顶的堤坝”。
A colonnade framed by 11 round columns extends along the entire length of the facade, creating a sheltered outdoor space that connects with many of the rooms inside the building. 由11根圆柱组成的一条柱廊延伸至立面的整个长度，创造了一片受庇护的室外空间，联系着建筑内部的许多房间。
An opening towards one end leads through to the largest of the house's four courtyards, which forms the main entrance. It features a paved surface, three trees and more sheltered terrace spaces. 一个面向一端的开口通向建筑四个庭院中最大的一个，形成主入口。它的特点是铺砌的地面，三棵树木和更多有庇护的露台空间。
The walls, the columns and the plinth were all built using a custom-made white brick, set into a lime mortar that was applied thickly then sponged off to leave a thin residue behind. 墙体、柱子和底座都是用一种特制的白砖建造的，嵌进一种石灰砂浆中，这些砂浆先是被涂上厚厚的一层，再被揩掉多余部分，只留下薄薄的残余。
"The white colour of the bricks and the lime mortar is reminiscent of the chalk beneath the house," said the team. "On the one hand the house appears as a natural escarpment in the landscape, while on the other it affirms itself as a man-made structure expressed by the robust brick columns placed in front." “砖和石灰砂浆的白色呼应了房子下面的白垩峭壁，”团队说。“一方面这座房子看起来像是景观中的自然峭壁，而另一方面，通过罗列在建筑前面的粗野的砖柱，它又强化了人造结构的印象。”
These brick walls have also been left exposed inside the house, sandwiched between an exposed concrete soffit and a polished terrazzo floor. 这些砖墙也被显露在房间内部，夹在混凝土吊顶和抛光水磨石地板之间。
The main living room sits between the colonnade and the courtyard, allowing plenty of natural daylight and ventilation. 主起居室设置于柱廊和庭院之间，拥有充足的自然光和通风。
Other spaces, including the kitchen, dining and bedroom areas are arranged around the smaller courtyards, while rooms for guests are kept separate on the opposite side of the building. 其他空间，包括厨房，餐厅和卧室都围绕着小庭院设置，而客房则被独立设置在建筑另一端。
Fayland House was completed in 2013, but received the AR House award in June. The prize was judged by a panel including architects Adam Caruso of British firm Caruso St John and Sofia von Ellrichshausen of Chilean practice Pezo von Ellrichshausen. 费兰德住宅建成于2013年，而获得AR住宅奖是在今年六月。这个奖项的评委会成员包括英国公司卡鲁索·圣约翰的建筑师亚当·卡鲁索和智力公司Pezo von Ellrichshausen的建筑师Sofia von Ellrichshausen。
"Fayland House places a very large house in a special landscape without disappearing," said Caruso. "The domestic outdoor spaces, which have always been an issue in English country houses, are in courtyards, which is an innovation." “费兰德住宅在一个特殊的地景中呈现了一所大房子而不是选择消失，”克鲁索说。“家庭户外空间一直是英国乡村建筑的一个问题，而在这里用庭院来解决，不失为一种创新。”
"It takes normal elements and manipulates them," added Von Ellrichshausen. "That colonnade in the front and the way it modulates the scale on the landscape is very interesting." “它使用的是寻常元素，控制得却非常娴熟，”Von Ellrichshausen补充道。“位于前面的柱廊和它调节景观尺度的方式非常有趣。”
The house is located just five miles away from the River and Rowing Museum at Henley-on-Thames – Chipperfield's first major project in the UK. Other UK projects completed by the architect's firm since then include the Hepworth Wakefield gallery in Yorkshire and the Turner Contemporary gallery in Margate. 这座房子坐落于离泰晤士河畔上的河流与划船博物馆仅五英里远的地方——该博物馆是奇普菲尔德在英国的第一个重大项目。此后他的公司在英国的其他项目包括约克郡的Hepworth Wakefield画廊和马盖特的特纳当代美术馆。
Photography by Simon Menges（摄影 西蒙·门杰斯）
Project credits（项目概况）:
Design architect（设计建筑师）: David Chipperfield Architects Director（项目主管）: Franz Borho Project architect（项目建筑师）: Patrick Ueberbacher Landscape architect（景观建筑师）: Christopher Bradley-Hole Structural engineer（结构工程师）: Alan Baxter Associates Services engineer（服务工程师）: Spink Property Quantity surveyor（工料测量师）: Spink Property General contractor（总承包商）: Spink Construction
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翻译及图片：
AR2015年度住宅奖.zip
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